Desfechos oncológicos da dissecção axilar seletiva utilizando carvão a 4% como marcador
Oncological outcomes of selective axillary dissection with 4% carbon marking
Lucas Roskamp Budel; Cleverton César Spautz; Maria Helena Louveira; Teresa Cristina Santos Cavalcanti; Alessandra Cordeiro Fornazari; Plinio Gasperin Junior; Leonardo Nissen; Vinicius Milani Budel
Resumo
Introdução: O uso de marcadores na axila antes da terapia sistêmica neoadjuvante (TSN) é um tema controverso em mulheres com linfonodos (LN) acometidos. Diversos marcadores foram utilizados resultando em uma redução da taxa de falso negativo ao comparar com o linfonodo sentinela, melhorando a acurácia. Este estudo tem como propósito analisar os resultados oncológicos em mulheres que passaram por dissecção axilar seletiva com marcação prévia à terapia sistêmica neoadjuvante (TSN) usando carvão a 4% e sua relação com o LN sentinela.
Métodos: Foram selecionadas pacientes diagnosticadas com carcinoma invasivo de mama, apresentando estágios clínicos T1-4 e N1-2 submetidas à análise de LNs suspeitos e marcação pré TSN com carvão a 4%. Após o tratamento neoadjuvante, os LNs indicados com carvão foram excisados em um mesmo procedimento com o linfonodo sentinela. Os desfechos sobrevida global (SG), sobrevida específica (SE), sobrevida livre de doença a distância (SLDD), recidiva axilar (RA) e recidiva local (RL) foram catalogados.
Resultados: Para a análise entre linfonodos marcados e linfonodo sentinela 176 pacientes foram incluídas com taxa de identificação de 95,4% do LN marcado. Para os desfechos oncológicos, cento e sessenta e oito pacientes foram analisadas em 49 meses de tempo mediano. O esvaziamento axilar foi omitido em 89 (50,6%) casos. Cinco/168 (2,9%) tiveram RA. Houve relação entre linfadenectomia axilar e RA (0 vs. 6% p=0,012). A SLDD foi 140/168 (83,3%), SG 158/168 (94%) e SE 158/163 (96,9%).
Conclusões: O carvão se destaca como um marcador confiável, acessível e prático para dissecção axilar seletiva. O evento RA não deve ser utilizada para análise após TSN uma vez que é um evento raro e não está relacionada a SG ou SLDD diretamente.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Introduction: The use of axillary marking prior to Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy (NST) is a controversial matter regarding patients with positive Lymph Nodes (LN). Several methods were tested to make possible the decrease of false negative rate in comparison to sentinel lymph node adding more accuracy to the results. This study aims to evaluate the oncological outcomes in patients who had undergone selective axillary dissection with 4% carbon marking before TSN.
Methods: A prospective study was performed with cT1-T4, cN1-N2 breast cancer patients classified as suspected LNs undergoing concomitant 4% carbon marking. After TSN, targeted LNs were identified and resected associated to the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. The oncological outcomes pointed out were overall survival (OS), causespecific survival (CSS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), axillary recurrence (AR) and local recurrence (LR).
Results: A total of 168 patients were evaluated for a median period of 49 months. The axillary emptying was reached in 89 (50.6%) cases. Five of 168 patients (2.9%) had axillary recurrence (AR). There was a significant link between axillary emptying and AR (0 vs. 6% p = 0.012). The DDFS was 140/168 (83.3%), OS 158/168 (94%) and CSS 158/163 (96.9%).
Conclusion: The use of carbon marking in selective axillary dissection is a reliable low-cost method with simple execution. Among the oncological outcomes AR may not be considered for post downstaging axillary evaluation analysis since it is a rare event and not necessarily related to OS or DDFS.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
23/11/2023
Aceito em:
15/09/2024
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