Pneumoperitônio por Punção Guiada por Ultrassonografia para Laparoscopia. Estudo Piloto de Nova Técnica em Modelo Animal
Ultrasound-Guided Puncture Pneumoperitoneum for Laparoscopy. Pilot Study of a New Technique in an Animal Model
Jennifer Melissa de Oliveira Marques; Camila Maria Pinto Ferreira Verardino; Luis Gustavo Capochin Romagnolo; Armando Geraldo Franchini Melani; Rodrigo Chaves Ribeiro
Resumo
Introdução: Todas as formas de acesso a cavidade peritoneal na laparoscopia possuem riscos de lesionar as estruturas intra-abdominais. Atualmente, a ultrassonografia (USG) está sendo utilizada em diversos procedimentos para direcionar algum tipo de punção: biópsia de mama, acesso venoso central, bloqueios anestésicos de nervos etc. Diante disso, esta pesquisa busca verificar a factibilidade e viabilidade da realização do pneumoperitônio por punção guiada por USG, em um estudo piloto em modelo porcino.
Métodos: O estudo experimental foi feito com uma amostra de 10 porcas anestesiadas, no laboratório do IRCAD-América Latina Unidade de Barretos. O experimento consistiu na punção abdominal guiado por USG com transdutor linear para confecção do pneumoperitônio. Após a punção, foi realizado o teste da gota e insuflado CO2 na cavidade, posteriormente, um trocarte de 10mm foi introduzido para inserção da óptica. Os parâmetros a partir do USG foram: as espessuras das camadas da parede abdominal; medida da agulha intraperitoneal; teste da gota; e presença de complicações.
Resultados: A mensuração da média das camadas foi de 0,45 centímetros (cm) de subcutâneo, 0,67cm de muscular e 0,15cm de peritônio. A média da medida da agulha intraperitoneal foi de 1,17cm. Ademais, o teste da gota foi positivo em 100% dos casos e não houve sangramento ou lesões em nenhuma tentativa.
Conclusão: É factível e seguro a realização de pneumoperitônio guiado por ultrassonografia no modelo porcino. As camadas subcutâneas, muscular e peritônio são identificáveis e mensuráveis no modelo. Estudos subsequentes são necessários para verificar a importância deste novo procedimento.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Introduction: All forms of access to the peritoneal cavity in laparoscopy could damage intra-abdominal structures. Currently, ultrasound (USG) is being used in several procedures to guide needles: breast biopsy, central venous access puncture, anesthetic nerve blocks, etc. Therefore, this research seeks to verify the feasibility and viability of performing pneumoperitoneum using USG-guided puncture in a pilot study using a porcine model.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 10 anesthetized sows in the IRCAD-América Latina Barretos Unit laboratory. The experiment consisted of an abdominal puncture guided by USG with a linear transducer to create the pneumoperitoneum. After the puncture, the drop test was performed, and CO2 was insufflated into the cavity. Subsequently, a 10mm trocar was introduced to insert the optic. The parameters from the USG were the thickness of the abdominal wall layers, intraperitoneal needle measurement, drop test, and the presence of complications.
Results: The average measurement of the layers was 0.45 centimeters of subcutaneous tissue, 0.67 centimeters of muscle, and 0.15 centimeters of peritoneum. The mean measurement of the intraperitoneal needle was 1.17cm. Furthermore, the drop test was positive in 100% of cases, and there was no bleeding or lesions on any attempt.
Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided pneumoperitoneum is feasible and safe in the porcine model. The subcutaneous, muscular, and peritoneum layers are identifiable and measurable in this model. Subsequent studies are necessary to verify the importance of this new procedure.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
21/06/2024
Aceito em:
12/08/2024
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