Regeneração hepática: Revisão de literatura
Liver regeneration: Literature review
Edimar Leandro Toderke; Jorge Eduardo Fouto Matias
Resumo
A regeneração hepática é um processo de crescimento tecidual altamente organizado e é a reação mais importante do fígado à agressão. Os mecanismos complexos envolvidos neste processo abrangem uma variedade de vias regenerativas que são específicas para os diferentes tipos de agressão. A forma mais estudada de regeneração hepática é aquela que ocorre após a perda de hepatócitos em uma lesão aguda, como no processo regenerativo de roedores após hepatectomia parcial ou administração de produtos químicos lesivos (CCl4, paracetamol, álcool alílico). Estes modelos experimentais revelaram vias de sinalização extracelular e intracelular que são usadas para retornar o fígado ao tamanho e peso equivalentes aos anteriores à lesão. A compreensão do processo de regeneração do fígado é um desafio que se encontra justificado nas inúmeras interações de diferentes componentes celulares, vários fatores mitogênicos (completos e incompletos), vias mitogênicas complexas e proteínas inflamatórias de fase aguda. Hepatócitos, colangiócitos e células progenitoras do fígado provaram ter comportamento regenerativo. As atividades regenerativas de hepatócitos e colangiócitos são tipicamente caracterizadas pela fidelidade fenotípica (multiplicação), no entanto, quando a regeneração normal é frustrada, os hepatócitos e os colangiócitos funcionam como células-tronco facultativas (desdiferenciam) ou se transdiferenciam para restaurar a estrutura normal do fígado. Esta revisão traça o caminho percorrido nas últimas décadas no estudo da regeneração hepática e destaca novos conceitos na área.
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Abstract
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Referências
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Submetido em:
07/01/2025
Aceito em:
06/07/2025
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