Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
https://revistadocbc.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/0100-6991e-20260026
Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
Artigo Original

Doença Pilonidal: um estudo epidemiológico Brasileiro com o panorama de 45.000 cirurgias realizadas no Sistema Único de Saúde

Pilonidal Disease: A Brazilian epidemiological study with an overview of 45,000 surgeries performed in the Unified Health System

Fabricio Doin Paz de Oliveira; Ricardo Dias Mont’alverne; Sonia Cristina Cordero Time; Ana Carolina Buffara Blitzkow

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-20260026 RCBC, vol.53, e20260026, 2026
PDF Português
PDF English
SciELO
Downloads: 0
Views: 35

Resumo

Introdução: A doença pilonidal (DP) é uma condição inflamatória crônica que acomete a pele e o tecido subcutâneo da região sacrococcígea, afetando predominantemente adultos jovens. Apesar dos avanços consideráveis na abordagem cirúrgica, os dados epidemiológicos nacionais sobre DP no Brasil ainda são escassos.

Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo incluindo todos os procedimentos cirúrgicos para DP registrados no Brasil, no SUS, entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2023. Os dados foram extraídos da plataforma DATASUS, utilizando códigos de procedimento específicos. As taxas de prevalência por 100.000 habitantes foram calculadas com base em estimativas populacionais fornecidas pelo IBGE. As tendências temporais foram avaliadas por análise de regressão linear, e as comparações regionais foram realizadas utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson.

Resultados: Durante o período de dez anos, 45.915 pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia para DP, com uma prevalência média de 2,42 casos por 100.000 habitantes. A maior prevalência foi observada no Sul, enquanto o Norte apresentou as menores taxas. Observou-se uma tendência geral de aumento nas taxas de intervenções cirúrgicas, especialmente entre 2014 e 2019, com um declínio temporário durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e recuperação subsequente. Disparidades regionais significativas foram identificadas.

Conclusão: A doença pilonidal (DP) vem apresentando um crescimento contínuo no número de cirurgias no Brasil, com destaque para as regiões Sul e Sudeste. Embora a prevalência nacional ainda seja inferior à observada em países de alta renda, a trajetória ascendente revela não apenas um problema emergente de saúde pública, mas também desigualdades regionais significativas.

Palavras-chave

Cirurgia Colorretal; Cirurgia Geral; Epidemiologia; Seio Pilonidal; Pesquisa Sobre Serviços de Saúde

Abstract

Introduction: Pilonidal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the sacrococcygeal region, with a predominant impact on young adults. Although there have been considerable advances in surgical management, national-level epidemiological data on PD in Brazil remain scarce.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, population-based study analyzing all surgical procedures for PD recorded in Brazil’s public health system (SUS) from January 2014 to December 2023. Data were extracted from the DATASUS platform, using specific procedural codes for pilonidal sinus. Prevalence rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated utilizing population estimates from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Temporal trends were assessed through linear regression analysis, and regional comparisons were performed using Pearson’s chi-square test with Bonferroni correction.

Results: Throughout the ten-year period, 45,915 patients underwent surgery for PD, yielding a mean prevalence of 2.42 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The highest regional prevalence was observed in the South, while the North had the lowest rates. An overall upward trend in surgical intervention rates was noted, particularly from 2014 to 2019, with a temporary decline during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) and subsequent recovery. Significant regional disparities were evident, suggesting that healthcare infrastructure and access differences may contribute to these patterns.

Conclusion: Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) has shown a steady rise in surgical cases in Brazil, particularly in the South and Southeast regions. Despite lower national prevalence compared to high-income countries, the increasing trend highlights growing public health concerns and significant regional disparities.

Keywords

Pilonidal Sinus; Epidemiology; Surgery; Public Health; Sacrococcygeal Region

Referências

1 Mayo O. Observations on injuries and diseases of the rectum. London: Burgess and Hill; 1833.

2 Akinci ÖF, Bozer M, Uzunköy A, Düzgün SA, Coskun A. Incidence and aetiological factors in pilonidal sinus among Turkish soldiers. Eur J Surg. 1999;165(4):339-42. doi:10.1080/110241599750006875.

3 Harlak A, Mentes O, Kilic S, Coskun K, Duman K, Yilmaz F. Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease: analysis of previously proposed risk factors. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2010;65(2):125-31. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322010000200002.

4 Meinero P, La Torre M, Lisi G, et al. Endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (EPSiT) in recurrent pilonidal disease: a prospective international multicenter study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2019;34(4):741- 6. doi:10.1007/s00384-019-03256-8.

5 Pappas AF, Christodoulou DK. A new minimally invasive treatment of pilonidal sinus disease with the use of a diode laser: a prospective large series of patients. Colorectal Dis. 2018;20(8):O207-O214. doi:10.1111/codi.14285.

6 Paz Oliveira FD, Time SCC, Blitzkow ACB, Boarini LR, Munhóz AA, Mont'Alverne RED. Minimum energy laser pilonidotomy (MELPi): a multicenter study of a novel method in pilonidal disease. Updates Surg. 2024;76:1-6. doi:10.1007/s13304-024-01848-w.

7 Søndenaa K, Andersen E, Nesvik I, Søreide JA. Patient characteristics and symptoms in chronic pilonidal sinus disease. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1995;10(1):39-42. doi:10.1007/BF00337585.

8 Oetzmann von Sochaczewski C, Gödeke J. Pilonidal sinus disease on the rise: a one-third incidence increase in inpatients in 13 years with substantial regional variation in Germany. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2021;36(10):2135-45. doi:10.1007/s00384-021-03944-4.

9 Doll D, Faurschou IK, von Sochaczewski CO. The importance of updating background information in pilonidal sinus disease research: commentary on Darnis et al. Lasers Med Sci. 2025;40(1):166. doi:10.1007/s10103-025-04428-5.

10 De Albuquerque MV, Viana ALD, Lima LD, Ferreira MP, Fusaro ER, Iozzi FL. Regional health inequalities: changes observed in Brazil from 2000-2016. Cien Saude Colet. 2017;22(4):1055-64. doi:10.1590/1413-81232017224.26862016.

11 Evers T, Doll D, Matevossian E, et al. Incidence and long-term recurrence rates of pilonidal sinus: analysis of influencing factors. Chin J Surg. 2011;49(9):799-803. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2011.09.010.

12 Faurschou IK, Ankersen JL, Pedersen N, et al. Gender-specific outcomes in pilonidal sinus disease: female outcomes after cleft lift surgery in a large prospective Danish cohort. Colorectal Dis. 2025;27(2):e70003. doi:10.1111/codi.70003.

13 Rocco M, Oliveira BL, Rizzardi DAA, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elective and emergency surgical procedures in a university hospital. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2022;49:e20223324. doi:10.1590/0100-6991e-20223324-en.

14 Darnis B, Tedeschi L, Blanchet MC, et al. Management of pilonidal sinus and recurrences in 2025. J Visc Surg. 2025;162(2):117-27. doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2024.12.005.

15 Hap W, Frejlich E, Rudno-Rudzinska J, et al. Pilonidal sinus: finding the right track for treatment. Pol Przegl Chir. 2017;89(1):68-75. doi:10.5604/01.3001.0009.6009.

16 Doll D, Brengelmann I, Schober P, et al. Rethinking the causes of pilonidal sinus disease: a matched cohort study. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):8580. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85830-1.

17 Allen-Mersh TG. Pilonidal sinus: finding the right track for treatment. Br J Surg. 1990;77(2):123-32. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800770203.

18 Khanna A, Rombeau JL. Pilonidal disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2011;24(1):46-53. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272823.

19 Michalopoulos N, Sapalidis K, Laskou S, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease: a case report. World J Surg Oncol. 2017;15(1):100. doi:10.1186/s12957-017-1129-0.

20 Safadi MF, Dettmer M, Berger M, et al. Demographic overview of pilonidal sinus carcinoma: updated insights into the incidence. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2023;38(1):14. doi:10.1007/s00384-023-04344-6.

21 Safadi MF, Ghareb K, Daher A, Dettmer M, Shamma H, Doll D. Eight patients with pilonidal carcinoma in one decade: is the incidence rising? Cureus. 2022;14(7):e27054. doi:10.7759/cureus.27054.

22 Dessily M, Dziubeck M, Chahidi E, Simonelli V. The SiLaC procedure for pilonidal sinus disease: long-term outcomes of a single institution prospective study. Tech Coloproctol. 2019;23(12):1133-40. doi:10.1007/s10151-019-02119-2.

23 Draullette M, de Parades V, Alam AA, et al. SiLaT: a paradigm shift in the treatment of pilonidal disease? J Visc Surg. 2024;161(3):167-72. doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2024.03.007.

24 Porwal A, Gandhi P, Kulkarni D. Laser pilonidotomy - a new approach in management of complex pilonidal sinus disease: an exploratory study. J Coloproctol. 2020;40(1):24-30. doi:10.1016/j.jcol.2019.10.007.

25 Brown SR, Hind D, Strong E, et al. Real-world practice and outcomes in pilonidal surgery: Pilonidal Sinus Treatment Studying the Options (PITSTOP) cohort. Br J Surg. 2024;111(3):znae009. doi:10.1093/bjs/znae009.

26 Mejsak A, Decker E, Askari A, Chan S. Socioeconomical cost of acute pilonidal sinus surgery in district general hospital in UK. Int J Surg. 2017;47:S42. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.221.
 

 

Submetido em:
08/09/2025

Aceito em:
06/11/2025

699c52eaa95395395017f1a3 rcbc Articles
1809-4546 (Eletrônico) 0100-6991 (Impresso)
RCBC ©2026 Todos os direitos reservados.

RCBC

Share this page
Page Sections